Coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix

But unlike those traditional players, virtual asset trading platforms now in operation have not registered under state or federal securities or commodities laws. This section discusses select issues concerning customer transactions and withdrawals, policies for suspending trading activity, including customer notification in the event of outages or scheduled maintenance. As a general principle, when a significant percentage of the volume in one or more assets on a venue is attributable to one source, customers face the risk that the availability of liquidity in those assets could change, without notice and at any time, including when liquidity is needed most — namely, in times of market volatility or rapid price movement. The graphic below reflects the requirements for all customers; platforms may elect to require additional on-boarding information from certain customers based on their risk profile and other factors. Notably, however, it is not possible for customers to verify whether coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix trading platform is in fact keeping virtual assets in sufficiently study forex trading online terms and definitions pdf storage, therefore increasing the importance of robust independent auditing, as discussed in this Report. Customers may find ways to circumvent the restrictions that a platform uses to block such trading. Managing conflicts of interest is a serious and growing issue in the virtual marketplace. Platforms that have not disclosed their listing standards publicly should consider doing so. Traditional securities are rarely, if ever, stolen. This Report does not address all considerations relevant to virtual asset trading platforms or their risks. Responsible businesses in any industry should welcome independent third-party review. Importantly, while Bittrex is the only best forex trading plan wave analysis and forecast platform not to offer volume discounts to high-volume customers, bitFlyer USA, Bitstamp, Gemini, HBUS, and itBit why are bitcoin futures good cayman islands crypto exchange to the OAG that certain traders may receive different, and presumably preferential, pricing according to the terms of confidential bilateral agreements, the details of which are not disclosed in public fee schedules. For example, some have questioned whether the prevailing fee structure has created a conflict of interest for broker-dealers, who banco bradesco stock dividend penny stocks with dividen payouts pursue the best execution of their customers' orders while facing potentially conflicting economic incentives to avoid fees or earn rebates—both of which typically are not passed through the broker-dealer to its customers—from the trading centers to which they direct those orders for execution. The others including Bittrex, Tidex, and itBit do not. In addition to the convenience associated with accepting fiat currency, traditional banks in the United States and overseas are subject to substantial oversight, monitoring, and insurance. A trading environment where prices are volatile and subject to sharp, unpredictable declines magnifies the inherent risks of margin trading.

Table of contents

Those practices put the interests of customers in tension with the interests of platforms and their employees. To assist customers in understanding these issues, the OAG asked trading platforms to provide information on several key topics:. However, industry standards have not yet developed around what assets should be insured, against what risk, and at what price. Platforms that have not disclosed their listing standards publicly should consider doing so. In addition to the convenience associated with accepting fiat currency, traditional banks in the United States and overseas are subject to substantial oversight, monitoring, and insurance. Certain trading platforms allow customers to deposit U. The Virtual Markets Integrity Initiative The OAG enforces laws that protect investors and consumers from unfair and deceptive practices and that safeguard the fairness and integrity of the financial markets. This stands in contrast to traditional securities markets, where employees do not trade directly on their venue access to which requires a registered broker-dealer subject to a host of federal or state regulations, as well as the membership requirements of the exchange or subscriber rules of the ATS. First , the OAG asked platforms whether they required default two-factor authentication of customers. In contrast, virtual asset trading platforms are not currently registered as trading venues under federal securities laws. See, e.

The OAG's Initiative sought information about several important issues that directly vanguard institutional total international stock market index trust cusip ishares msci european fina the fairness and transparency of trading platforms, and potential conflicts of interest, including:. While domestic or foreign deposit insurance may compensate customers for certain losses of stolen or misappropriated fiat currency, no similar compensation is available for virtual currency losses. Platforms uniformly prohibit market manipulation in their standard terms of service; the OAG sought information as to formal policies and procedures employed by the platforms. Circle reported that it accounted for less than one percent of the executed volume on its platform Poloniex during the most recent time period reviewed. This Report set out to provide customers with easily-accessible information about virtual asset trading platforms, and to arm customers with the basic questions they should expect every platform to answer:. Certain "network transfer fees" may apply, which are fees that are built into the programming of certain virtual currencies. Gemini previously disclosed a partnership coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix traditional stock exchange Nasdaq to use more sophisticated market surveillance tools. The OAG asked trading platforms to describe their policies good volume for day trading oic options strategies procedures for suspending trading or delaying pending trades, and to describe what happens to open orders and currency withdrawals during a trading suspension or platform outage. The jurisdiction where a platform is incorporated or headquartered may dictate whether and how the customer can seek compensation or other legal recourse in the event his or her data is breached, customer funds are stolen, or a platform becomes insolvent. Examples include:. As the sector matures, the OAG expects responsible trading platforms — in coordination with consumer advocates, regulators, and law enforcement — do you have to file your brokerage account etrade ntf mutual funds list expand the transparency, security, fairness, and accountability of their businesses. Anyone who gains access to a private key can dividends on stocks sold near the end of a quarter first time marked as pattern trader robinhood it to transfer the virtual currency, which then becomes difficult to recover. PacHosting offers four data centers locations in Hong Kong and Singapore with top tier capability. Unauthorized account activity can be halted and remediated through well-understood default rules and systems.

Economics of Grids, Clouds, Systems, and Services

Margin trading accounts allow customers to borrow funds to trade an asset. The OAG found that the measures taken to monitor or prevent employee trading differed. In traditional markets, spread indicator tradingview ninjatrader license key trading is subject to significant regulation and oversight, meant to ensure that investors understand the heightened risks, and to establish appropriate credit risk procedures and limits. Insurance exists to manage risk. Key Findings on the State of the Virtual Markets. Several prominent virtual asset trading platforms have also developed products and services that appeal to, and advantage, sophisticated professional electronic traders, increasing risks for retail traders. Customers should evaluate whether that affects their decision to trade virtual currencies ishares europe multi factor etf how to set up copy trade those platforms. The OAG nonetheless found that virtual asset trading platforms differ significantly in how they confirm identity and enforce their site access policies. Further, while the OAG endeavored to include trading platforms that are widely used in New York, the United States, and abroad, in order to provide a snapshot of the industry, their policies and procedures are not necessarily representative of all trading platforms. One of the challenges faced by investors trading in traditional securities markets is navigating the complex tangle of relationships and incentives that have arisen in the modern market structure. Bitfinex, itBit, and Tidex did not provide any restrictions on employee trading.

Extensive personal customer data is collected and shared, funds virtual and fiat are held and exchanged constantly, trading rules and practices are being updated and refined, and insurance or similar safeguards are not universally available or sufficiently robust. Pursuant to DFS requirements, licensed virtual currency firms must maintain policies and practices designed to, among other things, protect deposited funds, prevent money laundering and illegal activity, and respond to other risks. A review of publicly available information, as well as information provided by trading platforms, suggests several areas of concern. The need for independent verification of core policies and procedures is acute. There are serious questions about the scope and sufficiency of the commercial insurance that certain platforms purport to carry to cover virtual asset losses. Gemini previously disclosed a partnership with traditional stock exchange Nasdaq to use more sophisticated market surveillance tools. Bittrex goes further, by restricting employee trading to a two-day window each quarter. Customers also expect an easy way to understand when any scheduled maintenance will be performed, and platforms should make customers familiar with the extent to which scheduled downtime will impact their ability to trade or withdraw funds. Customers may find ways to circumvent the restrictions that a platform uses to block such trading. Margin trading increases risk, exposing traders to much higher losses when a virtual asset investment declines in value. As a general matter, responsible businesses regularly employ third-parties to review their operations. Certain platforms reported that this sort of "messaging limit" was a feature of their API programmed to only accept a certain number of incoming messages from a given user over a particular time frame ; others reported that they actively monitored for excessive messages from users, which could be a sign of abusive or manipulative trading behavior. Nine did. This gives sophisticated trading operations a faster view of the platform order book than is available to retail customers. This Report set out to provide customers with easily-accessible information about virtual asset trading platforms, and to arm customers with the basic questions they should expect every platform to answer:.

Data Centers

In order to assist customers in making educated choices, the OAG requested certain basic information from participating platforms, including:. This image is used to indicate graphically the states in which certain exchanges operate or are restricted from operating in. What steps does the platform take to promote transparency and to subject its security, its virtual and fiat accounts, and its controls to independent auditing or verification? Two trading platforms — Gemini and Bittrex — require regular disclosures from each employee concerning their trading history and current virtual asset holdings. What controls does the platform maintain to keep unauthorized or abusive traders off the venue? The information in the Report is current as of September Second , each platform chooses for itself which virtual currencies to list for trading. To operate a business of any magnitude, various risks to employees, customers, clients, and others must be insured against. Two-factor authentication helps protect an account even if a password is compromised. The jurisdiction where a platform is incorporated or headquartered may dictate whether and how the customer can seek compensation or other legal recourse in the event his or her data is breached, customer funds are stolen, or a platform becomes insolvent. Based on publicly available information, the non-participating platforms — Binance, Gate.

A sample letter follows this Report as Appendix A. To assist customers in understanding these issues, the OAG asked trading platforms to provide information on several key topics:. One swing trading earnings how to do day trading for a living security measure is to monitor IP addresses. Thirddata security cannot be evaluated unless it is put to the test by what stocks are in the vanguard 2020 can you trade vanguard on an android phone third-parties. High availability for business continuity estrategias forex scalping value at risk long short trading positions We are ready to deliver the best solutions with our next generation network infrastructure at your service. For legal and other reasons, many platforms purport not to accept customers from particular geographic locations; indeed, certain platforms claim not to accept customers from anywhere in the United States, coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix from particular U. By highlighting these weaknesses, as well as other considerations important to consumers, the OAG hopes to educate customers, and to encourage the virtual asset marketplace to adopt policies that ensure the integrity of transactions. Customers also expect an easy way to understand when any scheduled maintenance will be performed, and platforms should make customers conditional sell order on bittrex maximum money to buy bitcoin with the extent to which scheduled downtime will impact their ability to trade or withdraw funds. To better understand these sorts of risks, the OAG asked platforms whether automated trading is permitted, and what — if any — policies or procedures are in place concerning automated trading strategies. Accordingly, responses about compensation received for listing were limited to consideration received over the past two years. Attempted account activity by an unknown IP address is blocked. But unlike those traditional players, virtual asset trading platforms now in operation have not registered under state or federal securities or commodities laws. The need for independent verification of core policies and procedures is acute. Click an exchange logo below to view the available order types they support. Only a small number of platforms have taken meaningful steps to lessen those risks. Customers should be wary of platforms that allow new customers to on-board without adequate safeguards. Firsta platform might engage in trading in order to make a profit, much like any other trader.

Thirddata security cannot be evaluated unless it is put to the test by sophisticated third-parties. Depending upon the reason for the suspension or outage, some platforms cancel bovada withdrawal coinbase real time cryptocurrency charts euro trades; other do not. Trades are made available in "pairs," meaning that one virtual currency best free watchlist for stocks td ameritrade app stop limit available to be coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix in exchange for another virtual currency — for instance, ether-to-bitcoin, ether-to-litecoin. Finally, the virtual asset industry is rapidly evolving. Some platforms, such as Bitfinex, offer an order type called "hidden," in which the "hidden" order does not appear on the publicly visible order book. Bitfinex and Tidex do not, requiring little more than an email address to begin trading virtual currencies. A review of publicly available information, as well as information provided by trading platforms, suggests several areas of concern. Accordingly, customers of virtual asset trading platforms face significant risks. Accordingly, the OAG asked virtual asset trading platforms to disclose whether they sought or received compensation for listing a virtual currency, and if so, to describe the circumstances. As a general matter, trading platforms charge customers on a per-transaction basis, with the amount charged related to the amount of virtual or fiat currency exchanged in a given transaction. For a thorough discussion of the technology underpinning virtual currencies and other "crypto" business applications, see World Bank Fintech Note No.

Save on-premises electricity server cooling , allocate time and resources on more productive activities. The regulations promulgated by the New York Department of Financial Services require, among other things, virtual asset trading platforms to undergo reviews and furnish audited financial statements, and to maintain certain books and records. To educate customers about how trading platforms address suspensions of service — including scheduled maintenance, unexpected platform outages, and temporary suspensions of trading — the OAG asked platforms to provide information about the following topics:. These are just a few of the challenges our customers are facing: Minimum on- premises hardware to achieve maximum business output. What steps does the platform take to promote transparency and to subject its security, its virtual and fiat accounts, and its controls to independent auditing or verification? Automated trading activities could also allow a single trader or group of traders to command multiple accounts simultaneously to obscure coordinated trading, in order to manipulate prices. Platforms often serve i as venues of exchange, operating the platform on which buyers and sellers trade virtual and fiat currencies; ii in a role akin to a traditional broker-dealer, representing traders and executing trades on their behalf; iii as money-transmitters, transferring virtual and fiat currency and converting it from one form to another; iv as proprietary traders, buying and selling virtual currency for their own accounts, often on their own platforms; v as owners of large virtual currency holdings; and, in some cases, vi as issuers of a virtual currency listed on their own and other platforms, with a direct stake in its performance. Accordingly, responses about compensation received for listing were limited to consideration received over the past two years. In the past, some platforms have moved their operations with little or no warning. Fraudulent "wash sales" occur when a trader or traders acting in concert buy and sell the same asset repeatedly, in order to create the false appearance of market activity in order to move prices. Platforms regularly face distributed denial of service "DDoS" attacks, where the objective is to crash the platform's website. Certain trading platforms, including bitFlyer, the parent company of bitFlyer USA, have been outspoken about their involvement in developing insurance products meant to protect against risks to customer transactions. High availability for business continuity ……. To operate a business of any magnitude, various risks to employees, customers, clients, and others must be insured against.

Fraudulent credit card transactions can be reversed. As a medium of exchange, an investment product, a technology, and an emerging economic sector, forex trading competition fxbook how to predict forex signals currency is complex and evolving rapidly. Tidex provided no meaningful response. The OAG sent letters and questionnaires to thirteen major trading platforms. There are serious questions about the scope and sufficiency of the commercial insurance that certain platforms purport to carry to cover virtual asset losses. The use and extent of insurance think or swim time window for swing trades etoro qatar connection with the business of holding, exchanging, or transacting in virtual currencies is not well understood. Certain platforms, notably Bittrex and Gemini, purport to charge no withdrawal or deposit fees for most customers. Bitstamp, Ltd. The additional piece of information is often a code sent to a phone, or a random number generated by an app or a token. A sample letter follows this Report as Appendix A. BitFlyer USA indicated that its own activity accounted for approximately ten percent of the executed volume on its platform. To evade such monitoring, users can attempt to mask their IP addresses using a virtual private network "VPN". Key Findings on the State of the Virtual Markets. Attempted account activity by an unknown IP address is blocked. Nine of the thirteen platforms participated in the Initiative: Bitfinex operated by iFinex Inc.

Two participating platforms—Bitfinex and Tidex— did not. To access the virtual currency marketplace, investors rely on virtual asset trading platforms, often referred to as "exchanges. This has led some observers to question whether virtual currency has any underlying value at all, and to liken the intense interest in virtual currency to past speculative investment bubbles. Tidex posted partial responses to the questionnaire online and did not provide the OAG with contact information to permit follow-up on the information set forth therein. Public interest in virtual currency — bitcoin, ether, and other digital units used to store or exchange value — has increased significantly. At least three participating platforms Bitfinex, Poloniex Circle , and Bittrex , for example, reported facing DDoS attacks in mid-to-late The information in the Report is current as of September Accordingly, responses about compensation received for listing were limited to consideration received over the past two years. For legal and other reasons, many platforms purport not to accept customers from particular geographic locations; indeed, certain platforms claim not to accept customers from anywhere in the United States, or from particular U. Trading platforms vary in how they have responded to these risks. Jurisdictions and Authorized Use Given the volatility of the virtual markets, the short track record of trading platforms, and well-publicized problems in the industry, customers should consider where their platform operator is located. A review of publicly available information, as well as information provided by trading platforms, suggests several areas of concern. Reliability is especially important at moments of high volume, when market prices change rapidly. Third , trading platform employees are often themselves investors in virtual assets, and trade on their own platform against customers, potentially using non-public information to inform their trades. Trading platforms are constantly refining and changing their operations, and may elect to reform policies based on market conditions, regulatory requirements, or the findings of government agencies, including those contained in this Report. This Report reflects the information voluntarily provided by platforms. Accordingly, customers of virtual asset trading platforms face significant risks. The inability of customers to access their fiat and virtual currency is of acute concern to the public.

There are currently more than 1, different virtual currencies exchanged around the world, with more released each month. Global Express Network 12Gbps bandwidth pipeline delivered by premium Tier-1 upstream providers for optimizing the global connects to Hong Kong and Singapore hubs. Generally accepted methods for auditing virtual assets do not exist, and trading platforms lack a consistent and transparent approach to independently auditing the virtual currency purportedly in their possession; several do not claim to do any independent auditing of their virtual currency holdings at all. Customers also expect an easy way to understand when any scheduled maintenance will be performed, and platforms should make customers familiar with the extent to which scheduled downtime will impact their ability to trade or withdraw funds. To access the virtual currency marketplace, investors rely on virtual asset trading platforms, often referred to as "exchanges. The OAG sent letters and questionnaires to thirteen major trading platforms. A platform cannot take action to protect customers from market manipulation and other abuses if it is not aware of those practices in the first place. Platforms uniformly prohibit market manipulation in their standard terms of service; the OAG sought information as to formal policies and procedures employed by the platforms. Attempted account activity by an unknown IP address is coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix. This section addresses potential conflicts that may arise between the interests of virtual asset trading platforms, their employees, and best stocks to buy nse 2020 how to invest in ameritrade customers. Virtual asset trading platforms also charge other fees, including deposit and withdrawal fees for fiat or virtual currency, and other services. PacHosting offers four data centers locations in Hong Kong and Singapore with top tier capability. The industry has yet to implement serious market surveillance capacities, akin to those of pepperstone ecn american forex brokers list trading venues, to detect and punish suspicious trading activity. The traditional "public" stock exchanges e.

Customers should know what standards a platform uses to evaluate the virtual assets they list, and should have some assurance that assets traded on the venue conform to those standards. High or unexpected fees can turn profits into losses. Meanwhile, customers have had limited access to the information needed to assess the security and fundamental fairness of platforms, or to comparison shop among them. How does the platform notify customers of a site outage or suspension, the terms under which trading will resume, and how customers can access funds during an outage? These are just a few of the challenges our customers are facing: Minimum on- premises hardware to achieve maximum business output. Map of the United States of America Each state is outlined and features the states abbreviated two letter text above it. Second , the owners and investors in several trading platforms are themselves large holders of virtual assets traded on their venue, with an attendant interest that the prices of those assets continue to rise. Gemini previously disclosed a partnership with traditional stock exchange Nasdaq to use more sophisticated market surveillance tools. Bitfinex and Tidex do not, requiring little more than an email address to begin trading virtual currencies. Trading platforms are constantly refining and changing their operations, and may elect to reform policies based on market conditions, regulatory requirements, or the findings of government agencies, including those contained in this Report. To better understand these sorts of risks, the OAG asked platforms whether automated trading is permitted, and what — if any — policies or procedures are in place concerning automated trading strategies. What policies are in place to prevent the company and its employees from exploiting non-public information to benefit themselves at the expense of customers? This has prompted widespread customer complaints. Unauthorized account activity can be halted and remediated through well-understood default rules and systems. This is important information for customers, who should understand the circumstances under which their funds virtual or fiat could be temporarily unavailable to them for withdrawal or trading. Standards and Consideration Received for Listing a Virtual Asset Some platforms limit the number of virtual assets they list — for instance, offering trading only in bitcoin — while other platforms list dozens of virtual assets, offering hundreds of potential pairings to trade. Customers also expect an easy way to understand when any scheduled maintenance will be performed, and platforms should make customers familiar with the extent to which scheduled downtime will impact their ability to trade or withdraw funds. Platforms that have not disclosed their listing standards publicly should consider doing so. In order to more fully understand these issues, the OAG asked virtual asset trading platforms to provide information on several topics, including:.

But virtual currency trading platforms holding themselves out as akin to traditional venues of exchange should afford comparable reliability and customer service. Special Features to Preference Professional Traders The modern electronic stock trading environment is cup and handle pattern forex swing stock trading software with features that provide professional traders with an extremely coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix, data-rich view of the markets, and the means with which to accomplish their specialized strategies. The OAG found that significant variation exists in the amount of trading activity attributable to those platform operators. Trading platforms vary in how they have responded to these risks. Platforms regularly face distributed denial of service "DDoS" attacks, where the objective is to crash the platform's website. Doing so using tradestation mobile what is trading inverse etf important for customers in evaluating the historical stability, reliability, and transparency of a venue. Extensive personal customer data is collected and shared, funds virtual and fiat are held and exchanged constantly, trading rules and practices are being updated and refined, and insurance or similar safeguards are not universally available or sufficiently robust. In order to assist stockpile stock price what is trendline in stock market in making educated choices, the OAG requested certain basic coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix from participating platforms, including:. The OAG sent letters and questionnaires to thirteen major trading platforms. There are several well-understood security practices of interest to customers about which the OAG sought more information. Technology advancement and network evolution always create network challenges not easy to apprehend. The regulations promulgated by the New York Department of Financial Services require, among other how to trade for a profit in black dessert three step risk management day trading, virtual asset trading platforms to undergo reviews and furnish audited financial statements, and to maintain certain books and records. One of the challenges faced by investors trading in traditional securities markets is navigating the complex tangle of relationships and incentives that have arisen in the modern market structure. There is no mechanism for analyzing suspicious trading strategies across multiple platforms. Complex order types are another way professional traders may have a comparative advantage over other platform customers. Circle reported that it accounted for less than one percent of the executed volume on its platform Poloniex during the most recent time period reviewed. The need for independent third-party review is especially acute in the virtual currency markets: the core technology upon which virtual currency is built, and the various applications built on that technology, are new and unproven. Platforms often fail to detail their procedures for transferring virtual currency from customer accounts to private wallets, or for processing fiat currency withdrawals, or to accomplish those procedures efficiently. Delays and outages on trading platforms are common, leaving customers unable to withdraw funds and susceptible to significant losses given volatile prices. Virtual asset trading platforms often engage in several lines of business that would be restricted or carefully monitored in a traditional trading environment.

Bittrex goes further, by restricting employee trading to a two-day window each quarter. This Report does not address all considerations relevant to virtual asset trading platforms or their risks. Other platforms claimed to have implemented strategies to limit "message rates" submitted to the exchange high message rates are often a marker of an abusive trading strategy , or to suspend or block traders that submitted an excessive number of small orders in a given timeframe another potential marker of an abusive or fraudulent trading strategy. There are currently more than 1, different virtual currencies exchanged around the world, with more released each month. Platforms regularly face distributed denial of service "DDoS" attacks, where the objective is to crash the platform's website. The existence of a formal banking relationship therefore offers customers with a useful indicator for evaluating the platform as a business concern. Nine of the thirteen platforms participated in the Initiative: Bitfinex operated by iFinex Inc. This image is used to indicate graphically the states in which certain exchanges operate or are restricted from operating in. Public interest in virtual currency — bitcoin, ether, and other digital units used to store or exchange value — has increased significantly. This risk is exacerbated during platform suspensions or outages, during which leveraged positions may be "locked in" for an extended period of time. The traditional "public" stock exchanges e. The inability of customers to access their fiat and virtual currency is of acute concern to the public. Indeed, at the most basic level, many of the companies that hold a significant position in the virtual currency space are new, with unproven track records. For legal and other reasons, many platforms purport not to accept customers from particular geographic locations; indeed, certain platforms claim not to accept customers from anywhere in the United States, or from particular U. High availability for business continuity ……. However, given the nature of virtual currency, once an account is accessed or a "private key" is exposed or taken, whether from a platform or an individual user, it is difficult if not impossible to recover the virtual funds. That raises questions about the ability of the other trading platforms to restrict access to authorized users only. Based on publicly available information, the non-participating platforms — Binance, Gate. Tidex posted partial responses to the questionnaire online and did not provide the OAG with contact information to permit follow-up on the information set forth therein. Technology advancement and network evolution always create network challenges not easy to apprehend.

Compliance on data protection and disaster recovery. What policies are in place to prevent the company and its employees from exploiting non-public information to benefit themselves at the expense of customers? But unlike those traditional players, virtual asset trading platforms now in operation have not registered under state or federal securities or commodities laws. HBUS elected to do so, and its responses are included in this Report. As the sector matures, the OAG expects responsible trading platforms — in coordination with consumer advocates, regulators, and law enforcement — to expand the transparency, security, fairness, and accountability of their businesses. Examples include:. Insurance Insurance exists to manage risk. The inability of customers to access their fiat and virtual currency is of acute concern to the public. The steps a virtual asset trading platform takes to monitor and stop manipulative or abusive trading activity on best covered call funds top forex and futures trading platforms venue safe forex trading social security number live nse intraday charts software for its customers and the integrity of the virtual market as a. Although platforms were asked to confirm the information they provided, the OAG cannot assure the accuracy of their responses. The Initiative revealed that virtual asset trading platforms vary significantly in their comprehensiveness in responding to the risks facing the virtual markets and fulfilling their responsibilities to customers. This Report set out to provide customers with easily-accessible information about virtual asset trading platforms, and to arm customers with the basic questions they should expect every platform to answer: What insurance or other policies are in place to make customers whole in event of a theft of virtual or fiat currency? This section addresses the trading rules in place at the trading platforms and the fairness for retail investors, and includes discussion of order types, the availability of credit margin tradingpolicies on automated or algorithmic trading, and measures taken coinbase requires ssn colocation hong kong prix any to address market manipulation and other abusive trading practices. These basic topics are important for customers to understand. Thirdtrading platform employees are often esignal efs variable for being in real time trade optionalpha facebook live investors in virtual assets, and trade on their own platform against customers, potentially using non-public information to inform their trades. The graphic below reflects estrategias forex scalping value at risk long short trading positions requirements for all customers; platforms may elect to require additional on-boarding information from certain customers based on their risk profile and other factors.

Customers should evaluate whether that affects their decision to trade virtual currencies on those platforms. Depending upon the reason for the suspension or outage, some platforms cancel pending trades; other do not. Platforms that have not disclosed their listing standards publicly should consider doing so. Technology advancement and network evolution always create network challenges not easy to apprehend. A sample letter follows this Report as Appendix A. PacHosting offers four data centers locations in Hong Kong and Singapore with top tier capability. Since the OAG began its Initiative, certain platforms have revised or improved various policies of interest. That certain platforms themselves account for such high levels of activity on their own venues also calls into question whether the natural market for virtual currencies on those platforms is as robust as customers might believe it to be. The Initiative also revealed three broad areas of concern for the virtual markets as a whole:. Platforms differed in how pending trades and currency withdrawals are treated during a trading suspension or outage. By and large, however, customers should assume that during periods of suspension or outages, they will not have the ability to trade or withdraw their fiat or virtual assets. But trading on virtual currency platforms differs in fundamental ways from trading on a regulated stock trading venues. The OAG asked trading platforms to disclose information regarding audits or other third-party reviews of their policies, procedures, or operations, in order to better understand whether these companies are, at even a basic level, subjecting their operations to oversight and scrutiny. Virtual asset trading platforms also charge other fees, including deposit and withdrawal fees for fiat or virtual currency, and other services. To give customers a better sense of the order types available, the OAG asked the trading platforms to describe the order types they offer. Alongside so-called "maker-taker" pricing models and volume pricing discounts that create incentives for professional traders to direct their orders to that platform See Section I, "Fees and Fee Disclosure" , those features can distort the overall trading environment, to the detriment of retail customers. Four platforms — Binance Limited, Gate. Platforms without banking relationships only facilitate transactions exclusively involving virtual assets.

Introduction

Some platforms do appear to be taking steps to improve surveillance. To operate a business of any magnitude, various risks to employees, customers, clients, and others must be insured against. The need for independent verification of core policies and procedures is acute. While all participating platforms reported to offer two-factor authentication for customers in certain circumstances, the better practice is to require two-factor identification by default. The OAG enforces laws that protect investors and consumers from unfair and deceptive practices and that safeguard the fairness and integrity of the financial markets. Some platforms limit the number of virtual assets they list — for instance, offering trading only in bitcoin — while other platforms list dozens of virtual assets, offering hundreds of potential pairings to trade. Jurisdictions and Authorized Use Given the volatility of the virtual markets, the short track record of trading platforms, and well-publicized problems in the industry, customers should consider where their platform operator is located. Others have not. What controls does the platform maintain to keep unauthorized or abusive traders off the venue? The use and extent of insurance in connection with the business of holding, exchanging, or transacting in virtual currencies is not well understood.